A US-led framework for AI supply chains, "Pax Silica," has drawn individual signatures from some EU member states including Sweden, Greece and Finland as they move to reduce reliance on China, with the EU as a whole also in talks to join.
Dec 2025 · US Department of State
Pax Silica: the EU moves to join the US-led tech supply-chain pact
A non-binding framework to secure critical minerals, semiconductors and AI infrastructure among trusted allies — and to break reliance on China. After several members signed individually, the EU is now weighing joining as a bloc.
15
signatory countries as of June 2026
3
EU members signed individually first
1
key holdout: the Netherlands (ASML)
Who is in — and who is not
Signatories (15)
US
Japan
South Korea
Singapore
Israel
UK
Australia
India
UAE
Qatar
Philippines
Norway
Greece *EU
Sweden *EU
Finland *EU
Observers
Canada
Taiwan
Non-signing
Netherlands (ASML)
The path to the EU joining
DEC 2025
Pax Silica launched in Washington; EU as a bloc excluded
→
INDIVIDUALLY
Greece, Sweden & Finland sign on ahead of others
→
MAY 2026
EU enters talks to join as a whole
The promise
Diversifies supply chains and cuts dependence on China — backed by chip powers Japan, South Korea and Singapore alongside capital- and energy-rich UAE and Qatar. A realistic step to reduce geopolitical risk.
The concern
Its US-led design initially sidelined the EU, symbolizing cracks in the transatlantic relationship. Critics warn of excessive securitization aimed at excluding China — and concrete projects remain at an early stage.
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