Microsoft AI System Achieves 2.3× Physician Accuracy on Complex Medical Cases

Microsoft researchers have developed an artificial intelligence system that accurately diagnoses complex medical cases more than twice as effectively as general physicians, according to a peer-reviewed study published in Science. The system, built using an orchestrator approach that coordinates decisions across multiple AI agents, achieved 83.2% diagnostic accuracy on 304 challenging cases from the New England Journal of Medicine's Clinicopathological Conference series—compared to 36.1% accuracy among physicians working with reference materials.